Thursday 3 May 2012

Reading List


Websites


http://www.wgsn.com
http://www.behance.net
http://www.thedieline.com
http://designobserver.com/
www.tumblr.com

Books


Ways of seeing – John Berger
Semiotics the basics – Daniel chandler
Obey the giant: life in the image world  Rick Poynor
Semiotics A graphic Guide - Paul Cobley
Communication As Culture - James W. Carey
Visual Intelligence - Ann Barry
To Kill A Mockingbird - Harper Lee
Typosphere: new fonts to make you think – Marta Serrats & Pilar Cano
Print workshop – Christine Schmidt
Hand made type workshop – Charlotte Rivers
A history of Advertising – Stephane Pincas and Marc Loiseau

Friday 27 April 2012

Herbert sees the light.

Whilst undertaking a new project I got stuck with inspiration to create a character and story with. Looking at images I had taken of Herbert's bar I noticed that one of the signifier's signified that birds were not able to sit there, but probably, once had.



By applying my knowledge of semiotics and looking at the signified in the image I could begin to create a story about a pigeon who wants to enter the bar, but can't. He decides to walk into the bar and on his way at the doorway he sees a moroccan light. I created three lampshade designs merging the pigeon and the moroccan influences together.




Design One.






Design Two.









Design Three.








Martin Salisbury

Guest lecturer

Children’s picturebooks

British tradition: of landscape and representational art.
Picturebook- Delivers its message through picture and words come together to create the story.

Puffin picturebooks
S.R.Badmin

Edward borden – Cambridge school of art 1918/19
Graphic artist.
Re-inventing the lino cut
The sixth pence that rolled away.

Sheligh Robinson – student project

Different cultures have different opinions on what illustrations are respectable for a child. The British tend to be more conservative than other countries.

Croc and Bird – Alexis

Sara Fanelli

One of his students work.


Tuesday 20 March 2012

Fred Aldous Font

After we had the lecture with Bruno Magg, I came back and looked at re evaluating my font. I kind of wish I'd have had this at the beginning of the project. The information that he gave us about creating the letters HOno first and you will have made 75% of all design decisions, could have proved vital. Unfortunately it was too late in the day to re-start my entire font design.


I could though take on board what he said about the importance of the right spacing and kerning.
Nnonoo an even distribution between characters
Nnanoao (spacing, left and right character space)

I also went back and checked my counter's and bowls and some general tidying up according to what he said was of the most importance.


Friday 16 March 2012

Hemisphere

We create 'useful beauty'.
They are all about creating a story and working with different designers.
Different studios have different ethics.

Place branding - 2010
This type of design became un-needed.

BOLTON- are obsessed with elephants so they added the trunk to the T.

IN salford.



Branding to make people aware that they were actually in Salford rather than manchester.
They took the colours from the area: Green for the nature, Brown for the bricks and Blue for the canal.

Bruntwood
The logo made them seem like a corporate, Harsh and Cold company, when in fact they were the exact opposite. A family run business needed to have a much softer logo to fit this.
Logo - It needs to tell the story.
They developed interface Bruntwood for the typeface and took the text out of the lozenger and placed it next to it. They then used this shape to create a pattern from and create the brand with.

The semiotics of reliability
Colour choice needs to be practical
Colours- have to have connections

The metrolink for manchester is the latest design and branding they have worked on. They created the tram cover design, the typeface, the logo and the overall branding of the scheme.



Friday 9 March 2012

Bruno Magg

Guest lecturer Bruno Magg

Song bird. Took the male song bird away from any other males and so that bird could not learn to communicate via another. However it still managed to develop a song similar to natural song birds. The need to communicate is within us.
Hyroglyphics
Each image is a word
100’s of years the language evolved from word images to single syable symbols.

The greek script evolved out of the hyroglyphics
Boustropheoan
Left right the second line is flipped. So two alphabets are needed
Branding a corporate identity within the roman empire as it was impossible to keep solider occupying the vast amount of land they owned.
They created a type. A perfect type.
Culture, script so than you knew it was part of the roman empire and once this was established they would then be able to move on.
450ad
the book of kelms – 4 scribs. 2 Italians more fluid, script. 2 Germans absolute precision.
calligraphy and art the trinity college in Dublin.
Vikings raiding the British isles. But it was saved.
Central and western Europe was _____ empires.
He established this script to be used throughout his empire

42 line bible by gutenberge – (1450 British library- London)
movable type- letterpress
meaning information could be industrialised.
100 years later 75% of the population could read and write, before this they were illiterate.

Alus manuses printer publisher writer. Roman type based on round hand calligraphy. Italics should be called cursith

Bruno Maag

Type setter, metal type, photo type and digital type. Typography and then graphic design.
New york magazine, inhouse mac production.

Company of 27 people – fonts
Not interested in colour, graphic design, flash.

Building their own font library, different languages western and eastern languages. About 750 characters and are able to communicate with half the worlds population- pretty cool.
Pacific place – curves shapes and open spaces. The typography reflects this.

Preserving the original design into each culture
India worlds biggest population 2013
Indian scripture is
850 characters
design and program challenge.
Indesign. The mechanism is difficult to get the font onto the paper
Design of the type has to fit the product.
Solving the clients problem and understanding their needs.
      needs to be softer.
Repetition needs to be re-worked and hand done
Maccys
2 characters with different variations of distressed else 

teutonia
to create the hand written feel 2 or 3 different characters for each letter helps it seem not as typeset

Manchester metrolink
Humanist appearance of the letterforms
Various thickness
Most signage is in sans-serif
Semi-serif
Details are important
Need to be easily legible
White space more important than the black space

DDA 1998 has to be accessible to everyone
Including people who are registered blind
Less ambiguity which makes each individual character legible

Strictly conceptual
HOno – 75% of all design decisions

npn    nhn     nvn     nen
opo     oho      ovo      oeo

decisions between calligraphy and typeface design
all the decisions upfront before even starting.

Needs to be looked at with fresh eyes

FontLab industry used tool
As few points as needed, points need to be on the extreme of the curve
10-15 print runs.
Spacing and kerning
Nnonoo an even distribution between characters
Nnanoao (spacing, left and right character space)

HTAH (kerning – specific pair ) reducing the amount of kern pairs In the font
Screen environment requires further work. Mac completely ignores all hinting used to correct pixels on a display
5,000-6,000 per font
pirate copies of fonts

Friday 2 March 2012

Semiotics


Seminar


The meaning slipping away.
The study of signs, everything in the universe is a sign of something. Everything that we see, we understand we have a place for in culture. Even the natural world is understood through culture. Therefore everything in that sense is a sign. We don’t look for truth.
Intertextuality?????
Sign is the central word
The theory of the sign illustrated by a diagram
Made up of the signified & signifier
Signifier carries the meaning.
Can’t have a signifier without a signified

French philosopher
Rowland Barthes book mythologies.
Post modernists
Signifier = sound pattern or what you see.
Signified = concept

Denotations - literal meaning – what is actually there
Connotations – suggestive meaning – the meaning you give to what is there.
Daniel chandler (get site off the lecture)

Paris match book cover
Denotation. What you can see
The connotation to us right now would be different from what the French in the 1950s would have been.
Underpinning colonisation.

Ideological critique.

The Nude: Naked or Nude
Kenneth Clark

Strong divide between girls and boys toys. The connotations…… 

Lecture

Seeing comes before words. The child looks and recognizes before it can speak. (Berger 1972)

Charley harper - connection of the letter and a visual (children’s alphabet)

Visual language . in order to undertand how visual communication workd, we need to consider the mechanics of visual language.
Terms and theories used to decode and explain visual communication have been developed from linguistics.
Sophisticated ‘readers’ of visual signs and signals. Consumers of visual art and design.
We consume and decode meaning and visuals unconsciously
Advertising and branding arguably relies on this in order to be successful.
Logo. We give them meaning and associate them with the brand.

Fcuk. This is woman. This is man. Labeling in a simplistic way and an irony with the sophisticated imagery.
 Understand how meaning is formed in order to understand how your work fits into your d you know what conceptually good and bead design is.

Tim burton has a signature style. Personal, visual language.

Practices of looking

“Throughout history, debates about the representation have considered whether these systems of representation reflect the world as it is… or whether the fact we construct the world and its meaning through the systems of representation we deploy. (Sturken. M & Cartwright. L)”

where does ideology come from? How the systems of control operate.

Visual culture regards images as central to the representation of meaning in the world.
Contempory film and proper-ganda. The representations of masculinity post 9/11 and post.
How they contribute to the representation that shapes out world.
It is crucial that we understand how we communicate effectively through our images.

Damien Hurst.  Element of shock. Brit art.

Abram Games. Logo for the festival of Britain.

Twitter user overload – positive imagery.

Meanings are made through the creation and interpretation of signs and these are culturally specific.
Positive – adds to the richness to the understanding of the word we are looking at.
Semiotics/semiology – the study of signs
Useful theoretical framework to apply to help us decode complex images that may be loaded with multiple  signs.
Theory comes from the greek word ‘theorema’ meaning to view, observe or reflect.
Derives from linguistics
Language is both socially constructed and inherited, culturally specific and a system of signs, organized in codes and structures.

Saussure three main areas to consider how meaning is formed
The signs themselves
The way they are organised into systems
The context in which they appear

Pierce was interested in studying signs to identify how we make sense of the world around us. Concept of the sign based on readers cultural experience
Three levels;
Firstness- a sense of something, a feeling or mood (subjective)
Secondness- the level of fact (fundamental) literal.
Thirdness – the level of general rules (culturally specific) that bring the other two levels together in a relationship.

Saussure defines a sign as being composed of a signifier – the form which the sign takes and the signified – the concept it represents.

(come in where open) signifier
the shop is open for business – signified concept

crosses, swastika, red cross, religion signifier is the same but the signified is different.

Leci n’est pas une pipe – this is not a pipe
The text beneath the pipe is neither true nor false



It is a painting, a representation of a pipe, not the pipe itself.

Joseph kosuth (1965) One and Three chairs
Photograph, chair and dictionary definition of a chair.
appropriation of ideas



pierce: Iconic, indexical, symbolic
Iconic. Signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified. [Toilet signs]
Indexical signs the signifier is not arbitrary but is directly connected in some way ( physically or casually) to the signified – this link can be observed of inferred. [Tracks]
Symbolic the signifier does not resemble the signified. It is fumdamentally arbitrary or purely conventional – so the relationship must be learnt, culturally specific [road signs]

Denotation - A first order of meaning. The literal or obvious meaning of the sign.
Connotation - A second order of meaning, less obvious and are introduces by human intervention.

United colours of Benetton
The angelic and the devil

Friday 24 February 2012

Post modernism


The post modernist period came with the end of the modern period and began around 1960.
Following the war th ideology in the west was humanism. The phrase ‘man is the measure’ sums up this idea. The Family of Man Exhibition and poster for the Belgian Expo of 1958 is one of the examples of this.
Humanism is intrinsically progressive.
The failure of humanism is one of the many failures of the grand narratives. These are being replaced with micro-narratives that serve a particular purpose for a length of time without making any wider claims. It is fragmentation on the social level. 

Appropriation


This design was a propaganda poster produced by the government in 1939. It was intended to raise the spirits of the British public during WW2. There was limited distribution of the poster and had been relatively unseen until it was rediscovered in 2000. Since then it has seen many appropriations of the image. From using it as a decoration for a range of products, to changing the colour. It is now so well known that the words and the image can be nearly entirely changed other than the layout proportions and the style of typeface and it can still be recognised. Appropriation is the taking/borrowing of an object, text or image and its application to a new one. The most easily recognisable form of appropriation would be collage or montage. In visual art to appropriate generally means to borrow an original artwork to create a new one. Whether this be to mock, humour or destroy. There is, however, a fine line between appropriation and steeling. There have been artists who have suffered for the use of this discipline. 



              

Friday 10 February 2012

Yorkshire Sculpture park




Carpet of typography, main entrance


Barbara Hepworth 
The family of man, 1970


Brian Fell
Ha-Ha Bridge 2006


Nigel Hall
Wide Passage


Nigel Hall
Wide Passage close up.



Donna Wilson
Plush arrows


Donna Wilson
Wall of framed artwork. Mixture of paintings and plushes.


Donna Wilson
Cose up of hand painted plates


Donna Wilson
Line of plates

Saturday 4 February 2012

Avant Garde

Seminar


Italian futurists 1910 poetry, painting, music, drawings (right wing)
DaDa 1916 (left wing)
Russian constructivism 1920 music, film, writing (left wing)
Realism 1920 (left wing)

Political angle- Manifesto &Statement
  
Boccioni futurist music
Balilla Pratella

Marinetti
Words in freedom

Fascinated with war & machine
We will glorify war
Beautiful ideas worth dying for and scorn for women
Visual representative typography as explosive
Fit look of words and meaning of the words

Dada
Meaning of the words and the look of the words opposite.
Raul Haussman

Kurt Schwitters

With regard to typography one can established laws, never do what someone else has done before you.





Tristan tzara
A night of bold defeats – poet
Every page should explode because of seriousness, humour, or the way its printed.
  

Lecture


Reliquary – place where a relic is, drawing attention to the value of the object inside, which has no monetary value.

Musei Wormiani Historia – cabinet of curiosity
In german. A wunderkammer

No distinction between Art and natural history- just a collection
Empowerment
For a lot of people was a compensation for loss/something missing in your life
Dickens – the old curiosity shop
Curators – care

Paris opera house passage
Passage des panoramas –paris 1799
Walter Benjamin  wrote book on the archives. Montage comments on modernity in paris. The first sight of commodification

Umberto botchioni

Victoria quarter leeds 1900
Galeries Lafayette 1893
La smaritaine 1869


Tradition and history
History – you study,

Carl marx
All that is solid melts into air
What had a use value now has a exchange value, what its worth

1851 – the great exhibititon
1951 – festival of Britain

After 1970 there are no art movements

Marcel Broodthaers
Department of eagles
Fictional museum

Sites of display

Sophie Calle
Birthday
Ceremony 1991
Cabinets of birthdays

Situationist international
Criticized the commodification of everyday life
Detornement recycling (graphic, paintings and design over the top)
Derive- (translates as dirft) fragmented view of cities. Tourism is a form of commodification.



Avant-garde (French pronunciation: [avɑ̃ɡaʁd]) means "advance guard" or "vanguard".[1] The term is used in English as a noun or adjective to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics.

Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm. The notion of the existence of the avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism, as distinct from postmodernism. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde movement and still continue to do so, tracing a history from Dada through the Situationists to postmodern artists such as the Language poets around 1981.(wiki)

A modern concept
1860-1960 modern period

post modern society
neo avant garde

avant garde-political and aesthetic (revolutionary)
pyramid of capitalist system-
money replaces status

4 movements

Italian futurism
Dada
Constructivism
Realism

1825
‘The artist the savant and the industrialist’
Comte de Saint Simon

A common impulse and a general scheme.
Not individualism or subjectivity
Realist – to show the world as it is. Matter of factness.
Realist with a capital R
Don’t confuse realism with realistic
Advent means progressing, cutting edge of social and cultural development

Charles Marville
Paris street 1865
Cholera outbreak. Medieval sewerage system, spreading infection
Barron houseman

Alphonse Allais. Mocking modern culture
Pemiere Communion De juenes

Funeral March….. (silence)
Like john cages piece 4.52 sec

Dada
Rejected the past like futurism, but it also rejected art
Anti art.
Salon Dada Exposition international
The establishment was responsible for the WW1
Reason for anti art
Confrontational motif.

Raul Hasmann
Dada Cino

Montage – practice discontinues.
Montage and collage, is different
Collage, newspaper and create a shape
Montage preserves the image as the image. – True to itself.

New york, paris, german
They were not into international work, they liked them to keep the culture

Graphic continuity, graphic symbolisation.

Friday 3 February 2012

The festival of britain


The Festival Of Britain
Seminar



The festival was a national exhibition in Britain in the summer of 1951
held to celebrate Britain’s achievement and to boost moral.
The festival brought together designers, architects and artists to produce a number of displays and exhibitions from many different countries.


Britain Can Make It: War to Peace
Part of the display in the ‘War to Peace’ section of the ‘Britain Can Make It’ exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
The exhibition featured a painted mural of bomb-scarred London with part of a real plane in the foreground. The exhibition designer was Maurice Kestelman.

There were still a lot of bomb site in 1951 and Britain was telling to sell itself to other countries, showing them it is still strong.

The metaphor ‘A nation as a family' is visual ideography. It conveys a message that isn’t literally true, but is persuasive. The metaphor of a family connotes bringing people together.

Friday 27 January 2012

Modernism

Modern can be used in two contexts.
Modern - New


Academic terms
1860 - 1960 - Modern Period


Pre-modern - Traditional
Post-modern - 1960's
Turning point

The three M's:
Modernisation
Modernity
Modernism

Modernisation: Technology, industrialisation
Modernity: Modern society
Modernism: Critical theory as it appears in the arts

Paris - Re-built to accomodate growing desire of commercialism.


Capitalism
Commercialisation
Commodification

French revolution - Expanding democracy
Industrial revolution - Modernisation

Truth to materials - Everything had to be true to what it was made from. Bare brick walls, wooden floors, etc.


Architecture was gothic and classicism in the 1st half of the 18th century.


1850 - Red house Gothic
Philip Webb modernist was true to his materials.


Crystal palace 1861
Year of the great exhibition
It was assembled like a greenhouse so it could be taken apart and built somewhere else. The displays were all open plan much like the department stores of the time and you could see the materials that the building had been made from.

'Man with movie camera'
Exploring what a camera can do. WW1 utopianism - you can build the perfect world.


Russian photography/design
- self portrait el Maginiski


Williams Morris kicked started the arts & crafts movement. He believed that hand made designs looked better than machine. 
He decided that if you made machine made things look like they had been made by machine rather than trying to look had made, they can become more upmarket.


Barcelona chair.
The perfect example of a 20th century design chair. It is a classic. Made in the 1920s but looks like it is from 1960s.


Bauhaus. He was an early 20's expressionist.


Using the space as a grid like structure in architecture.
Geometric shapes


Post modern architecture is inspired by regional culture where as modern architecture is inspired universally.


Universalisation adverts - colour palette kept to a minimum to become universal. Colour mean different things in different cultures so to as not offend anyone the colour is taken out. This however was impossible to achieve as white is still a colour.

Friday 9 December 2011

Mechanical reproduction


If you have a small aperture you will get a faint image
Pinhole camera gives an inverted image. Modelled on and much like the eye.

Robert Rochenburg - Type print

Picture plain - The space between a space and the picture space.
Picture (painting is subjective) - documentary truth (manipulation of photography)
Photograph produces the Aura of a piece of art.

Andy Warhol - Reproduction of a reproduction. 

Simulacrum - a copy without the original.

Picture - models indexicality - they have lives as real people and you get caught up in this. What do they do? Are they a mother, lovely person....

Portrait of Lewis Payne. 1865


He's dying - In the past at the time that the photo was taken
He's dead - In the present

A camera can see things that we can not see. The visible seems invisible (a bullet)

There is a loss of professional status within photography because of increase in technology (Camera, Computer enhancement software) 

Pan option - Seeing all. 
CCTV- Does this change people's behaviour?

Plato's cave - Similar to Matrix. Illusion vs Reality.